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Feeding the Planet// Diseases Associated With Undernourishment// Genetically Modified// The Nature of Resources// Country Comparisons// The Four Laws Of Ecology
- A state in which the physical function of an individual is impaired to the point where he or she can no longer maintain natural bodily capacities such as growth, pregnancy, learning abilities, physical work and resisting & recovering from disease.
- Include;
--- being dangerously thin - hunger
--- being deficient in vitamins and minerals - vitamin deficiency
--- being overweight or obese - obesity
- Malnutrition is the number one risk to health worldwide. greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculousis combined.
Undernourishment
- Describes the status of people whose food intake does not include enough calories (energy) to meet minimum physiological needs.
- By 2000-2002, the total number of undernourished people worldwide had risen to 852 milion.
- Today, one in nearly seven people do not get enough food to be healthy and lead on active life.
- a childhood nutritional disorder characterised by calorie deficiency and energy deficiency.
- a child with marasmus looks emaciated and the body weight may reduce to less than 80% of the normal weight for that height.
Kwashiorkor
- A protein deficiency disorder of children.
- Occurs as a result of a diet that is adequate in calories, but deficient in certain amino acids, vital for growth.
- A child with kwashiorkor has swollen and severly bloated abdomen and various skin changes resulting in a reddish discoloration of the hair and skin.
Rickets
- A sereve and prolonged vitamin D deficiency that leads to softening and weakening od the bones in children.
- A child with rickets may have bowed legs, bone pain, slowed growth, muscleloss and increased risk of fractures (easily broken bones).
Obesity
- a chronic medical disease where a person is severely over weight with a very high body fat percentage.
- Diagnosed using a combination of a person's BMI. waist circumference and percentage fat content.
- Obesity is fostered by our environment; lack of physical activity; high calories and high fat content food; and also has a strong familial component.
Diseases e.g.; Liver Disease, Heart Disease, Stroke, Type 2 Diabetes, Osteoarthrits
Example of GM Foods
- Super Salmon: Have genes from a flounder inserted into their DNA to increase their growth rate by up to 600% and lower their fat content.
- GM Tomato: Removal of the gene responsible for producing the ripening enzyme, pectiase, and replaced it backwards to prevent the enyzme from being made to extend shelf life.
- GM Corn, Cabbage, Cotton: Insertion of gene from soil becterium Becillus thuringiensis (BT) that makes a toxin that is poisonous to many insects, especially caterpillars, to create a "built in" insecticide.
- Round Up Ready Say Bean, Canola, Cotton, Corn, Sugar Beet: Insertion of a gene derived from an Agrobacteriam species that creates a resistance to the cheap herbicide, glyphosate, allowing farmers to use the weed killer in very large quantities without destroying their crops.
- food manufactures are allowed to put vduntary labels on their products (East Coast popato company labels a bag "derived from plant biotechnology")
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) will inspect a food product and call it "GMO-free" if it is to be exported to a country that requires labeling
- CFIA officials say it is hard to enforce because of complicated growing processes in Canada
Countries that have mandatory labeling: Japan, Sweden, China, Norway, Ausralia, New Zealand, all countries in the E.U., etc.
Countries that do not have mandatry lebeling: U.S.A., Canada
- Something that satisfies human needs. (e.g: water, food, shelter, clothing, oil, leisure/cultural activities, etc.)
Geographers have identified three basic types:
--- Soil can yield crop that people will buy
--- Water can be used to satisfy thirst
Two Subcategoties
A country can be wealthy in natural resources but if it lacks the capital needed to develop them, its economy may suffer greatly.
GNP (Gross National Product): GDP + income on foreign inverstments
- Usually the GNP for country is divide by the country's total population to provide a figure called GNP per capita.
- Some economists use GNP per capita to rank countries as LLDCs, LDCs, or MDCs.
- Can GNP per capita be used to measure standard of living.
- Many believe it is misleading. It tells us nothing of how the income is distributed or how it is spent - whether on universal healthcare, education or military expenditure.
- EX: North Korea has fifth largest military in the world, but millions are starving to death in the country.
--- Poverty: unable to afford necessites, horrible living conditions, materials, lacking food, water shelter, job, education, cyclical, poor health care
- Literacy rates and years of schooling
- GDP per Capita
Comparing ranking on GDP per Capita and the HDI can reveal much about the results of national policy choices.
- Every species on earth is connected to or dependent on many other species
- Within a given ecosystem, such as a pond or forest, there are strong interconnections between the species living there.
- A piece of wood doesn't disappear when it burns. It turns into smoke and ash. Ash falls back to Earth and the smake returns to earth.
- Some chemical compounds (ex: DDT aren't found in nature now. Since the experiment failed so miserabley, nature didn't repeat it.
- For everything that human take from the earth, we have to pay price
Feeding the Planet// Diseases Associated With Undernourishment// Genetically Modified// The Nature of Resources// Country Comparisons// The Four Laws Of Ecology
Feeding the Planet
Malnourishment- A state in which the physical function of an individual is impaired to the point where he or she can no longer maintain natural bodily capacities such as growth, pregnancy, learning abilities, physical work and resisting & recovering from disease.
- Include;
--- being dangerously thin - hunger
--- being deficient in vitamins and minerals - vitamin deficiency
--- being overweight or obese - obesity
- Malnutrition is the number one risk to health worldwide. greater than AIDS, malaria and tuberculousis combined.
Undernourishment
- Describes the status of people whose food intake does not include enough calories (energy) to meet minimum physiological needs.
- By 2000-2002, the total number of undernourished people worldwide had risen to 852 milion.
- Today, one in nearly seven people do not get enough food to be healthy and lead on active life.
Diseases Associated With Undernourishment
Marasmus- a childhood nutritional disorder characterised by calorie deficiency and energy deficiency.
- a child with marasmus looks emaciated and the body weight may reduce to less than 80% of the normal weight for that height.
Kwashiorkor
- A protein deficiency disorder of children.
- Occurs as a result of a diet that is adequate in calories, but deficient in certain amino acids, vital for growth.
- A child with kwashiorkor has swollen and severly bloated abdomen and various skin changes resulting in a reddish discoloration of the hair and skin.
Rickets
- A sereve and prolonged vitamin D deficiency that leads to softening and weakening od the bones in children.
- A child with rickets may have bowed legs, bone pain, slowed growth, muscleloss and increased risk of fractures (easily broken bones).
Obesity
- a chronic medical disease where a person is severely over weight with a very high body fat percentage.
- Diagnosed using a combination of a person's BMI. waist circumference and percentage fat content.
- Obesity is fostered by our environment; lack of physical activity; high calories and high fat content food; and also has a strong familial component.
Diseases e.g.; Liver Disease, Heart Disease, Stroke, Type 2 Diabetes, Osteoarthrits
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):
- any organism that has their genetic make-up altered to exhibit traits that are not naturally theirs.Genetically Modified Foods:
- any food product that is either itself genetically modified or contains any genetically modified organisms in its ingreadients.Example of GM Foods
- Super Salmon: Have genes from a flounder inserted into their DNA to increase their growth rate by up to 600% and lower their fat content.
- GM Tomato: Removal of the gene responsible for producing the ripening enzyme, pectiase, and replaced it backwards to prevent the enyzme from being made to extend shelf life.
- GM Corn, Cabbage, Cotton: Insertion of gene from soil becterium Becillus thuringiensis (BT) that makes a toxin that is poisonous to many insects, especially caterpillars, to create a "built in" insecticide.
- Round Up Ready Say Bean, Canola, Cotton, Corn, Sugar Beet: Insertion of a gene derived from an Agrobacteriam species that creates a resistance to the cheap herbicide, glyphosate, allowing farmers to use the weed killer in very large quantities without destroying their crops.
Canada & GM Food Labeling
- does not have mandatory labeling of GM foods- food manufactures are allowed to put vduntary labels on their products (East Coast popato company labels a bag "derived from plant biotechnology")
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) will inspect a food product and call it "GMO-free" if it is to be exported to a country that requires labeling
- CFIA officials say it is hard to enforce because of complicated growing processes in Canada
Countries that have mandatory labeling: Japan, Sweden, China, Norway, Ausralia, New Zealand, all countries in the E.U., etc.
Countries that do not have mandatry lebeling: U.S.A., Canada
The Nature of Resources
What is a resource?- Something that satisfies human needs. (e.g: water, food, shelter, clothing, oil, leisure/cultural activities, etc.)
Geographers have identified three basic types:
#1 Natural Resources
- Materials that can be found in natural and exploited to make a profit.--- Soil can yield crop that people will buy
--- Water can be used to satisfy thirst
|
Renewable - can replace itself within a relatively short period of time (measured on human scale, 50 years/lifetime of human being) EX: - field of corn can be replaced in one growing season. - tree, fish. |
Non-Renewable - resource in limited supply and cannot be replaced within a human time frame. EX: - oil reserves date back millions years. |
#2 Capital Resources
- A resource used by society to further creation of wealth. (e.g: mahinery, building, money, etc.)A country can be wealthy in natural resources but if it lacks the capital needed to develop them, its economy may suffer greatly.
Country Comparisons
Measuring the wealth of countries
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Income earned all goods and sercices within the countryGNP (Gross National Product): GDP + income on foreign inverstments
- Usually the GNP for country is divide by the country's total population to provide a figure called GNP per capita.
- Some economists use GNP per capita to rank countries as LLDCs, LDCs, or MDCs.
- Can GNP per capita be used to measure standard of living.
- Many believe it is misleading. It tells us nothing of how the income is distributed or how it is spent - whether on universal healthcare, education or military expenditure.
- EX: North Korea has fifth largest military in the world, but millions are starving to death in the country.
--- Poverty: unable to afford necessites, horrible living conditions, materials, lacking food, water shelter, job, education, cyclical, poor health care
Other measures have developed to measure a country's well being. They try to capture the success of a country in providing people's basic human needs.
In physical quality of Life Index (PQLI) was developed in 1979. It incorporates three measures; life expectancy, infant mortality, and adult literacy.Today, the most common measure is the HDI (Human Development Index)
- Life expectancy at birth- Literacy rates and years of schooling
- GDP per Capita
Comparing ranking on GDP per Capita and the HDI can reveal much about the results of national policy choices.
THE FOUR LAWS OF ECOLOGY
- The four laws of ecology were first created by Barry Commoner, The famous physicst and ecologist.The FIRST Law: Everything Is Connected To Everything Else
- The theory of interconnectedness- Every species on earth is connected to or dependent on many other species
- Within a given ecosystem, such as a pond or forest, there are strong interconnections between the species living there.
The SECOND Law: Everything Must Go Somewhere
- Matter is indestructable, int may be converted to another form but it doesn't cease to exist- A piece of wood doesn't disappear when it burns. It turns into smoke and ash. Ash falls back to Earth and the smake returns to earth.
The THIRD Law: Nature Knows Best
- Nature has refind its ecosystems over millions of years of evolution- Some chemical compounds (ex: DDT aren't found in nature now. Since the experiment failed so miserabley, nature didn't repeat it.
The FOURTH Law: There Is No Such Thing As A Free Lunch
- In ecology, there can be no agin without a corresponding loss- For everything that human take from the earth, we have to pay price
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