CATEGORY ： Chemistry 12 Base and Acid 02 2007/03/11 Sun TB ： CM ： 0 △

BRØNSTED - LOWRY Theory

Acid

- Phenolanthalein → clear (neutral)
- Methyl orange → Red


Base

- Phenol Phthalein → Pink
- Methyl Orange → Yellow (neutral)



Na₂HC₄H₅O₂ - sodium monohydrogen citrate

TEST #1 - 10 drops of Na₂HCiT + 1 drop of Phen result clear, conclusion neutral ACID

TEST #2 - 10 drops of Na₂HCiT + 1 drop of MO result orange/red, conclusion neutral BASE

TEST #3 - Add NaOH to #1 drops at a time one drop should be turn it pink but 10 drops are requered. conc. NaH₂CiT must be ACID

TEST #4 - Add NCl to #2 drop at a time one drop should be turn it red but 10 drops are requered. conc. Na₂CiT must be BASE


1) Positive and negative ions, as well as neutral molecules are acid + bases
- Acids → Proton donors (H⁺)
- Bases → Proton acceptors (accepts H⁺)

HCl → H+ + Cl- HSO41- ⇔ H+ + SO42- (acids) HC6H5O72- ⇔ (bases) H+ + C6H5O73- (acid) H2, SO4, HNO3, NH4+, HClO4 (base) Cl-, SO42-, OH-, C6H5O73-, HSO41-, HC6H5O72-

2) NaOH is "NOT" the BASE. OH^- is the mase Na⁺ is a spectation ion.

3) Many substances can act on acids or bases depending on what it is reacting with.


4)


5) ARRHENIUS

Acid + Base → Salt + Water
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

BRØNSTED - LOWRY

Acid + Base → Con BASE + Con ACID
HCl + NaOH ⇔ Cl^- + H₂O

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TITRATION

HCl(acid) + NaOH(base) → NaCl(salt) + H2O(water) Water [H+] = [OH-] Moles H+ = moles OH- Molarity = moles/L; conc. = moles = MxL. moles of H+ = MH+LH+ moles of OH- = MOH-LOH- and if H+ = OH- then, MH+LH+ = MOH-LOH- CH+VH+ = COH-VOH-